Peters



` (No Model.) M 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. w` Y AfCfNAGEL, R. H. KAEMP &"A.LINNENBRGG-E..

MACHINE POR BREAKING 0R RBDUGING GRAIN.

No. 293,496. Patented Feb. 12, 18184.

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Linnen/rjje @7a/ga V(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2. A. C. NAGEL, R4H.KAEMP & A. LINNENBRGGE.

MACHINE POR BREAKING` OR REDUGING GRAIN. No. 293,496. PatentedFeb..l2,1884.

#fijas trienio Armar AAUGUST CHRISTIAN NAGEL, VREINHOLD HERMANN .KAEMRAND ADOLPH LiNNnNBReeE, or l HAMBURG, KAEMP, orV SAME PLAGE.

GERMANY, `ASSIGNORS TO NAGEL `St MAcHmE FoR BREAKING oR Reuucme eRAlN.

SPECIFICATION forming part `of Letters Patent `No. 293,496, datedFebruary 12, 1884.

\ Application filed April 28,1883. (No model.)

To avE/Z whom t may] 00u-cern.-

Be it known that we, AUcUsr CHRISTIAN NAGEL, REINHoLD HERMANNV KAEMP,and ADQLPH LINNENBRGGE, all of Hamburg,

German Empire,` have invented new and us'eful Improvements in Machinesfor Breaking` or Reducing Grain, of which the following is aspecication. y

This invention relates to machinesin which 1o gra'in is broken orreducedbetween disks having annular reducing-surfaces, and the`improvements involve constructions of the operating-surfaces andcertain `other parts of the machine, so that the grain in its iirstpassage i 5 through the machine, to release and remove impurities, willbe split lengthwise while producin g a minimum quantity of middlings andiiour, and that in the subsequent passages of the split grain throughthe machine the grinding will produce middlings of high grade with butlittle flour.

The invention consists in disks each provided with a reducing-surfacecomposed of inclined projections that form a diverging or A Vfunnel-like space, so-that the grains shall receive but a single blow inVpassing between them; and in the combination therewith ofthrowing-ledges secured to the rotating disk; `in the combination, withastationary and arotating disk each-provided with co-operatingreducing-surfaces, of throwing-ledges attach ed to the rotating disk butterminating a considerable distance from the said reducing-surfaces toprovide a space forthe free movement 3 5 of the grains'in'their flighttothe reducing-surfaces, and, inthe combination with said throw-'ng-ledges, of an auxiliary ledge for preventing the grains from fallingbelow the path of -travel thereof; inthe combination,with a sta- 4o`tionary and a moving disk each provided with reducing-surfaces and witha continuous delivery-channel receiving the reduced material fromtheperiphery of the disks, oi'fans attached to the rotating disk, andrunning inthe inner I part of said channel, and operating to induce acurrent of air from a central feeding-channel throughthe saidreducing-surfaces and into:

the delivery-channel, whereby the `material is carried and said disk iscooled; iu the combination, with said disks, feeding and delivery 5o gchannels, and openings communicating with the atmosphere, of fansattached to the rotating disk and running in the inner part of thedelivery-channel,4 whereby the induced aircurrents ,act not only tocarry but to cool the `5`5 material; in the combination of said disks,feeding and delivery channels, openings, and two sets of fans; and inthe combination of peculiar means for regulating the distance of thereducing-surfaces from each other and the 6o degree of pressure withwhich their surfaces act upon the grain. l

A machine constructed according to'this invention is represented on theannexed sheets of drawings7 all the before-named improve- 65 ments beingshown combined in one machine, although it will be readily understoodthat certainof them may be used independently of the others, if desired.y

Figure l ofthe saiddrawings is a longitudi- 7o nalsectional elevation;Fig. 2, an end elevation, partly in section; Fig. 3, a section ot' apart of the machine `drawn upon an enlarged scale;l and Fig. 4, asection of one portion of the machine, also drawn upon an enlarged- 75scale.

The machine constructed according to this invention is especiallyintended to be-used in the first stage of the high-grinding orgradualreduction process, in which itis the object, 8o through repeatedbreaks or 4passages of the material through themachine, to producemiddlings with as little flour as possible. In all the milling-machineswhich act` with their faces against each other hitherto employed for 8 5this purpose, the co-operating. faces have been made very long orarranged to be nearly par-` allel. Such constructions present thedisadvantageof exposing the material to loe reduced for too long a timetothe action of the said 9o surfaces, andconsequently there is produced,together'` with the middlings, a considerable quantity of flour ofveryinferior quality. In order to reduce as much as possible thispremature productionof iiour, we employ reduc- 915 ing-surfaces whichare so constructed that the surfaces are constructed in a peculiar formand the appliances for projecting the grains outward have a specialconstruction and arrangement in their relation to the'reducing-surfaces.The said surfaces are beveled or curved in such a manner that theirfaces shall diverge consid- -erably in the direction toward the centerof the disks, and thus to present in transverse section not onlydiverging breaking-surfaces, but a funnel-shaped space or passagebetween them, as is best seen in Fig. 4. The rotating disk b is providednear its center with short throwing-ledges h, between which and thereducing-surfaces there is a comparatively large space. These ledges inthemselves are not new, and they serve in the first place, as in othermilling-machines, to distribute the grain over the periphery of thedisks. In addition thereto, however, they are constructed and arrangedin this machine so that their outer ends terminate a considerabledistance from the reducingsurfaces, and thus provide a large space forthe free movement of the grains', and hence co-operate in attaining anew result, which is based on the property possessed' by grains ofwheat, rye, &c., to move with one of their ends foremost when falling orwhen flungthrough the air. In consequence of this construction all ofthe grains thrown by the ledges lz toward the reducing-surfaces willhave space in which to .turn and pass with their longitudinal axes:nearly in a radial direction into the funnelshaped space between thesaid surfaces. The projections forming the reducing-spaces will then nipor seize the grains in this position and impart to them a single blowthat will divide them lengthwise.

The machine represented in the drawings is provided with twovertically-arranged rotating milling-disks, b, and two like stationarymilling-disks, f. The two rotating disks b, which may be cast together,as shown in Fig. l, or made separate from each other, are keyed on theshaft a, while the stationary disks f are supported by means ofscrew-rings secured to them, which rings form circular bearings that iitwithin circular guides constituted by the walls S of the frame. Theserings may therefore be moved in an axial direction, and they areconstantly pressed toward the rotating disks by springs. Ihe drawingsshow for this purpose each of the disks f as provided with a spiralspring, 0,which acts on the disk by means of a screw-spindle, 2,

pivoted to a lever, n, that has a forked upper end, 6, to straddle theshaft a and bear upon knobsl 7, projecting from the ring u on oppositesides of the shaft a, which ringis attached to the hub of the disk f,that embraces said shaft. The tension of the spring is regulated by anut, 5, that runs on the screw-spindle 2, and drives a collar, 3, thatbears against one end of the spring o, and the tension of the springthus produced, and consequently the pressure exerted betweenV thereducing-surfaces, may be indicated on a scale, o, with which a pointer,4, on the collar 3 registers.

Instead of springs,weights may be employed, which may be arranged to beregulated while the machine is in operation. The disks f are preventedfrom turning by means of projections x cast upon them, and extended soas to embrace the opposite sides of the levers a. The grain or othergrist to be treated is i'ntroduced through'a feed-channel, g, into thespace between the disks b and f, and is there caught by the ledges h.The improvements constituting this inven- -tion may also be applied tomachines having but one pair of co-operating disks, and the disks may behorizontal, or vertical, or inclined.

In a machine having two pairs of disks the grinding-Surfaces of whichare arranged horizontally, or in a position deviating considerably fromthe vertical, the lower-pair of grinding-surfaces of the machine must,be fed by special means, such as the air-current, created in the mannerto be hereinafter-described. When the disks are vertical, eachstationary disk is provided close to and below the path of the ledges itwith a ledge, t, forming an arc of a'circle'and serving to prevent thelower part of the circumference of the disks from receiving more gristthan the upper part. In the practical carrying out of portions of theseimprovements, the reducing-surfaces may be constituted by edges, ridges,teeth, or other IOO suitable projections, -as may be required by thepeculiar nature of the grist to be treated or the product to be obtainedbut the particular construction of these surfaces, hereinafterspecifically described, constitutes an independent feature oftheinvention.

For controlling the quantity of grist to be admitted into the machine,feed-rollers or any other known feeding device may be employed. Therotating disks b project beyond the outer IIo edges of thereducing-surfaces, and upon this projecting part each of them isprovided on one side with fan-blades p and on the other side withfan-blades p. These fan-blades p p run in housings consisting of twoeccentrically-'shaped cases that form the channels q for conducting thereduced material away. These housings are supported a distance apart byoccasional radial ribs 16 to form openings 11, through which the air maypass from all circumferential points to the interior of the machine. Thefan-blades p draw air through the feed-channel g and through the spacebetween the disks b and-f and the reducing-surfaces,

ena/.196 4 3 manner from behind the disk or disks) and drive itinto thechannel q. The current thus produced by the blades p of each disk coolsthe latter at the back and increases the strength of the air-currentinthe said channels. The quantity of air drawn in by the fan-blades may becontrolled by the vertical adjustment of the funnels 20 in thefeed-channels g, and by more i or less covering the opening 11, as withdoors. By this Ventilating arrangement an efficient cooling of Vthegrist is also brought about, but the same has the special function ofconveying the grist by means of the air-current in any requireddirection to the sifting or purifying machines upon which the materialis to be submitted to further treatment,or to a storage-room, and ofthus `replacing the elevators and creepers heretofore used. For thispurpose the 'channels q areconnected at r with suitable conduits leadingto the said machines or room. YV ith these conduits suitable devicesmaybe combined, so as to utilize the air-current in said conduits in theoperation ot' dividing the grist, while it is being carried by theair-current, according to the specic gravity of its parts, on thewell-known principle of middlings-puritiers. This Ventilating means maybe applied to machines of this class whether their reducing-surfaces beor be not formed as herein described.

The reducing-surfaces formed on the opposed faces of the rings c G areespecially constructed to adapt them to the splitting of the grains, andfor this purpose, whether or not their breakingfaces are more or lessnarrow, they are formed as inclined projections that diverge in adirection toward the center of the disks. They thus present afunnel-like passage for the material, lso that the varying sizes ofgrain proj ected between them may be nipped and receive but one blow inits passage through them into` the channel As the reducing surfaces arealmostthe onlyA parts of the disks subject to great wear, it isadvantageous to form these surfaces on special rings c C, fastened insuch a manner to the disks that they may be removed and exchanged.

Similar arrangements have heretofore been applied in milling-machines 5but the separable parts have always been fastened bybolts or obtainaconnection which' allows a speedy eX.-`

change of the rings and at the same time insures their true concentricposition, the means o f attachment shown in the drawings have beendevised. These means consist in the rings l and e, screwed ontoscrew-threads cutin offf sets of the disks, and with their outer edgesoverlapping theinner edges of the rings c C. A rotation .of the rings onthe disksis pre vented by means of short studs or pins inserted into therings andthe disks, as in Fig. 3, which may readily be done, as thedrilling of the holes for them into the back part of the rings presentsno difficulty, as this part is sott. Each stationary 'disk fis guided inits axial adjustment and maintained at the desired distance from thecooperating rotating disk b by an adj usting-ring '13, screwed on theperiphery of the disk f. This ring and disk are pressed inwardA by theforce of the aforesaid spring o, or the weight which may be used insteadthereof, until they projection o abuts against4 the machine-frame, andthus limits the extent to which the reducing-surface of the disk f ismoved forward relatively to the reducing-surface of the disk I). The rimlw of the ring operates as the guide for the disk f in the opening ofthe frame, as before. stated.` 0n its periphery the ring t has teeth m,constituting a wheel, with which gearsfa pinion, 25, connected with thehand-wheel 7c. A rotation of the wheel k will consequently producea"rotative movement of the ring ,which, being always pressed against theframe, causes the disk f to. be moved forward or backward and thedistance between the reducinglsurfaces to be varied and adjusted. Thisdistance may be indicated on al scale, if desired. The rota tion of thering. z' may, however, also be caused by other mechanical means-as, forinstance, by a leverA and pawl. i

The specified means of fastening the rings c C on the disks and ofadjusting the distance of the reducing-surfaces from each other and thepressure between them'may be applied to machines of this class whethertheir reducingsurfaces be or be not formed as hereinbefore set forth.

Vhat, therefore, is claimed isn l. The combination of `a stationary diskand a rotating disk, Veach provided with a. reducing-surface composed ofinclined projections that form a diverging or funnel-like space betweenthem, and adapt them to deliver but a single blow to the gral' ns,substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination, with a stationary disk 'and a rotating disk, eachhaving inclined redcing-'surfaces that form a diverging or funnelvlike,space between them, of throwingledges l1., secured to the rotatingdisk, the said ledges operating to throw the grains endwise between thereducing-surfaces, and thelatter to split them lengthwise, substantiallyas shown and described.

3. The combination, with a stationary re- IOO reducing-surface, andhaving throwing-ledges h, substantially as shown and described.

5. The combination, with a stationary and a rotating disk, each providedwith reducingsurfaces, a feeding device communicating centrally Withsaid disks, and a continuous delivery-channel receiving the reducedmaterialI from the peripheryof said disks, of fans p, attached to therotating disk and running in the inner part of said delivery-channel,Wherebv a current of air is drawn through the feedingchannel, and,mingled with the material, passes through the reducing-surfaces and intothe delivery-channel, thus acting as a carrier for the material andoperating to cool the same and the disks, substantially as shown anddescribed.`

6. The combination, with a stationary and a rotating disk, each providedWith reducingsurfaces, a feeding device communicating ceutrally Withsaid disks, a delivering-channel receiving the reduced material from theperipheries of said disks, and openings 1l, of fans p', attached to therotating disk and running in the inner part of said delivering-channel,whereby a current of air is drawn through the openings 11 from behindsaid disks and mingles with the material that passes through thereducing-surfaces and into the delivering-channel, thus acting as acarrier for the material and operating to cool the same and the disks,substantially as shown and described.

7. The combination, with the feed-channel (1 and conducting-channel q,of a rotating disk, b, providedvivith a reducing-surface and withfan-blades p, arranged to draw air through the feed-channel g, and withfan-blades p', drawing air from behind the said disk, both series ofblades delivering the air, together with the grist, into wsaid channelq, surrounding the disk, substantially as and for the purpose described.

S. The means for attaching the rings G and c, that are provided with thereducing-surfaces, to the disks b and f, the same consisting, in thecombination, With'said rings and disks, of the rings d and @,overlappingsaid rings C c, and screwed onto offsets of the disks, substantially asshown and described.

9. The combination, with a stationary disk, f, provided with areducing-surfacaof an adjusting-ring, i, Working on screw-threads onthe'body of the said disk and abutting against the frame of the machine,with means for rotating the said ring and Vmeans for maintaining itpressed into position with any required degree of force, substantiallyas 'shown and described.

10. The combinaticmwith a stationary disk, f, provided with areducing-surface, of an adjusting-ring, z', Working on screw-threads onthe body ofthe said disk and abutting against l'the frame of themachine, with means for rorating the said-ring to adjust thereducingsurfaces, substantially'as shown and described. In testimonywhereof We have signed our names to thisspecication iu the presence oftwo subscribing` Witnesses.

AUGUST CHRISTIAN NAGEL. REINHOLD HERMANN KAEMP. ADOLPH LINNENBRUGGE.Vitnesses:

v J. M. BAILEY, H. SCHRADER.

